Lecture Fm

Vietnam National University – HCMC International University SCHOOL OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION COURSE SYLLABUS BA016IU Fundamentals of Financial Management 1. COURSE STAFF Lecturer: Ms. Phan Ng? c Anh, MBA Room: #205 E-mail: [email  protected] edu. vn Consultation hours: Thursday OR by appointment (preferred) Teaching Assistant: TBA Should the students wish to meet the staff outside the consultation hours, they are advised to make appointment in advance. 2. COURSE INFORMATION Prerequisite courses: Principles of Accounting 1 2. 1 Teaching times and LocationsLecture: Saturday, 13:00 – 16:00 Venue: C102 1 2 2. 2 Units of Credit: 3 credits 2. 3 Parallel teaching in the course: N/A 2. 4 Relationship of this course to others BA207U – Fundamentals of Financial Management provides students with basic concepts of financial management. The course is provided based on foundation knowledge of financial accounting and economics. This course may fulfill requirements of curric ulum for students majoring in business administration in general; however is the foundation for students majoring in finance and accounting.For those students that major in finance and accounting, they can take higher level of courses in finance after this course, to count for some, Corporate Finance, Financial Institutions and Market, Investment and Portfolio Management, International Finance, etc. 2. 5 Approach to learning and teaching Employing the interactive learning and problem-based teaching approach, this course emphasizes the interaction between lecturers and students. The lecture materials will be uploaded in Blackboard to help the students to preview the materials and to concentrate on listening and critical thinking during the lecture.This will help students to interact with the lecturer during the classroom. The sessions for presentations and discussions comprise company case studies as well as answering some theoretical and conceptual questions, which help the students to see how the concepts are applied in the real international business context. Students will present the case to the class and discuss with the peers. 3. COURSE AIMS AND OUTCOMES 3. 1 Course Aims The aim of this course is to expose students to and familiarize them with the theoretical frameworks and practical matters of financial management..The learning experience will include: an introduction to financial management; time value of money; techniques of pricing of financial instruments such as bonds and stocks; evaluation of major projects; the relationship between risk and return; an introduction to Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) and Portfolio theory; and cost of capital and capital structuring. 3. 2 Student Learning Outcomes After completing the course, students should be able to: * Explain the purpose, goals, and importance of financial management; * Understand the relationship between risk and return; Understand time value of money and possess skills to convert financial t ime values; * Make basic valuation of bonds, stocks, and investment projects; * Evaluate capital budgeting alternatives, using the firm’s cost of capital in conjunction with internal rate of return and net present value techniques; * Compute cost of capital and capital structure. 3. 3 Teaching Strategies The learning system in this course consists of lectures and discussions. Lectures elaborate the appropriate theoretical content in the textbook and readings.Classes provide a more detailed and refined analysis of both concepts and applied materials. Classes are strongly oriented towards interactive discussion of the text and cases. 4. STUDENT RESPONSIBILITIES AND CONDUCT 4. 1 Workload It is expected that the students will spend at least eight hours per week studying this course. This time should be made up of reading, research, working on exercises and problems, and attending classes. In periods where they need to complete assignments or prepare for examinations, the workload may be greater. 4. 2 AttendanceClass Attendance is Mandatory. Roll will be taken by random quizzes’ submissions at times of classes. University regulations indicate that if students attend less than eighty per cent of scheduled classes they may be refused final assessment. Exemptions may only be made on medical grounds. 4. 3 General Conduct and Behavior Beepers, cell phones, and pagers need to be turned off before entering the classroom. The students are expected to conduct themselves with consideration and respect for the needs of the fellow students and teaching staff.Conduct which unduly disrupts or interferes with a class, such as ringing or talking on mobile phones, is not acceptable and students will be asked to leave the class. 4. 4 Keeping informed The students should take note of all announcements made in lectures or on the course’s Blackboard. From time to time, the university will send important announcements to their university e-mail addresses without pro viding a paper copy. The students will be deemed to have received this information. 5. LEARNING ASSESSMENT 5. 1 Formal RequirementsIn order to pass this course, the students must: * achieve a composite mark of at least 50; and * make a satisfactory attempt at all assessment tasks (see below). 5. 2 Assessment Details Two Class tests 30% Mid-Term Exam 30% Final Exam 40% Total 100% Mid-term Exam and Final Exam: Mid-term and final test will be a combination of short answer questions, application problems and multiple-choice questions and will cover all the reading, homework, and lectures associated with the topics noted on the reading list. 5. 4 Class participationStudents are expected to attend class regularly, and are responsible for materials covered during their absences. Although it is the responsibility of the student for non-attendance, the lecturer has full authority to drop a student for excessive absences. 5. 5 Special Consideration Request for special consideration (for final examination only) must be made to the Office of Academic Affairs within one week after the examination. General policy and information on special consideration can be found at the Office of Academic Affairs. 6. ACADEMIC HONESTY AND PLAGIARISMPlagiarism is the presentation of the thoughts or work of another as one’s own (definition proposed by the University of Newcastle). Students are also reminded that careful time management is an important part of study and one of the identified causes of plagiarism is poor time management. Students should allow sufficient time for research, drafting, and the proper referencing of sources in preparing all assessment items. The university regards plagiarism as a form of academic misconduct, and has very strict rules regarding plagiarism. 7. STUDENT RESOURCES 7. Course Resources Required textbook: Brealey, R. A. , Myers, S. C. and Marcus, A. J. , Fundamentals of Corporate Finance, 5th ed, McGraw Hill 2007 Note: the course will cover Chapter 1 – 12 Recommended readings: Recommended website: http://highered. mcgraw-hill. com/sites/007353062x/information_center_view0/ http://www. mhhe. com/business/finance/corpfinonline/. Choose â€Å"Finance Tutor Series†. www. finance. yahoo. com www. bloomberge. com www. reuters. com www. vneconomy. com www. efinance. com. vn Other recommended books: Brigham, E. F. and Houston, J. F. 2007), Fundamentals of Financial Management, 11th edn, South-Western. Ross, S. A. , Westerfield, R. W. , and Jordan, B. D. (2010) Fundamentals of Corporate Finance – 7th ed, McGraw Hill. Additional materials provided in Blackboard The lecturer will attempt to make lecture notes and additional reading available on Blackboard. However this is not an automatic entitlement for students doing this subject. Note that this is not a distance learning course, and you are expected to attend lectures and take notes. This way, you will get the additional benefit of class interaction and demonstra tion. 7. Other Resources, Support and Information 1 Additional learning assistance is available for students in this course and will be made available in Blackboard. Academic journal articles are available through connections via the VNU – Central Library. Recommended articles will be duly informed to the students. 8. COURSE SCHEDULE: Week| Topic| Learning materials| 1| Introduction to corporate financeIntroduction CorporationGoals of the corporationAgency problemsFinancial DecisionInvestment DecisionFinancing DecisionDividend PolicyRoles of Financial ManagerWhy corporations need financial markets?Functions of financial markets and intermedias| Textbook, Chapter 1| 2| Time Value of MoneyBasic conceptsTime line/ Future values (FV)/ Present values (PV)Simple interest rate (SR)/ Compound interest rate(CR)Multiple cash flowsFuture value of Multiple Cash FlowsPresent value of Multiple Cash FlowsPerpetuity cash flowsPresent Value of a PerpetuityOrdinary annuity cash flow/ Annuity d ue cash flow Future Value of an AnnuityPresent Value of an Annuity| Textbook, Chapter 4| 3| Time Value of Money (Cont. Growing ordinary annuity cash flow/ Growing annuity due cash flow Future Value of an growing annuityPresent Value of an growing annuityMortgate loansInflation and time value of moneyReal versus nominal cash flowsEffective annual interest ratesQuiz 1| Textbook, Chapter 4| 4| Bonds and their evaluationBond characteristicsBond evaluationCoupon bonds, semi-annual coupon bondsZero-coupon bondsBond yieldCurrent yieldYield to maturity (YTM)Rate of returnRelationship between market interest rate and bond priceBond premiums and bond discounts| Textbook, Chapter 5| 5| Stock and their evaluationEquity versus debtCommon stocks Preferred stocksBook values, Liquidation values, and Market valuesStock valuation: Dividend Discount Model (DDM)Zero growth common stocksConstant growth common stocksDifferential growth common stocksPreferred stocksGrowth stocks and Income stocksMid-Term| Textbook, Chapter 6| 6| Project Investment Criteria and Capital Budgeting DecisionCapital budgeting decisionCapital budgeting processProject classificationsNet Present Value (NPV) methodInternal Rate of Return (IRR) methodPayback Period (PP)/ Discount Payback period (DPP) methodProfitability Index (PI)| Textbook, Chapters 7| 7| Project Investment Criteria and Capital Budgeting (Cont. Principles of identifying cash flowsCalculating Cash Flows Capital investmentOperating cash flowsInvestment in working capitalTerminal-year incremental cash flowMinicaseQuiz 2| Textbook, Chapter 8| 8| Introduction to Risk, Return and Opportunity Cost of CapitalIntroduction relationship between Risk and ReturnHistorical overview of risk and returnRates of returnMeasuring riskVariance and standard deviation Risk and diversificationDiversificationAsset versus portfolio riskVariance and standard deviation of returns for a two-asset portfolioUnique risk versus market risk | Textbook, Chapters 10| 9| Risk, R eturn and capital budgetingMeasuring market riskConcept of betaPortfolio betasRisk and returnCapital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM)Security Market Line (SML)Capital budgeting and Project Risk| Textbook, Chapter 11| 10| Capital Structure and Cost of CapitalMeasuring capital structureMarket versus book weightCost of capital Cost of debtCost of preferred stocksCost of equityCost of retained earningWeighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC)WACC and business evaluation| Textbook, Chapter 12| 11| Revision| | ——————————————– [ 1 ]. This is adapted with kind permission from the University of New South Wales.

Henrician Reformation

To What Extent Was The Henrician Reformation Inspired By The Political And Dynastic Consideration Rather Than Religious Ideology? The Henrician Reformation posed many religiously inspired ideology as well as both political and dynastic considerations. Evidence shows all three played their particular part in successfully inspiring the Henrician Reformation. From various acts being passed in 1533 and 1534, with one of them being The Act of Supremacy, in which Henry’s dynasty becomes more powerful than it was before. However, religiously the reformation was inspired by such things as, the break from Rome and the Pope due to Henry’s need for a divorce form Catherine of Aragon. Also the denominational faith of England being changed to the new ‘Church of England’ faith. Henry’s dynasty was in tact right up to the point in which he died. This was due to, The Supremacy Act. He got what he wanted in terms of wealth, divorce, etc. and the people were fine with his power as it didn’t per say affect until he began closing the monasteries. Henry used parliament and politics to make known his growing supremacy over the Church of England faith. He did initially do this to allow the annulment of his marriage to Catherine of Aragon. In the 1540s, as Henry’s health go down hill and was not very substantial, William Paget and Co. rallied a successful overthrow against the conservatives. This in turn allowed them to not only control the king’s will but also seize power in the next reign. The Henrician Reformation did however become inspired by religious ideology. The pregnancy of Anne Boleyn ignited Henry’s already urgent plea to be granted a divorce from his current wife, Catherine of Aragon. The pregnancy itself was a social faux par and id not please the Pope and the divorce proceedings would only make the issue worse. This was the first religious inspiration, which could be said to have inspired the Henrician Reformation, which eventually resulted in the break from Rome and the Pope, giving England its new Protestant faith, The Church of England. Once Henry had succumbed to the inevitable loss of his money he and Thomas Cromwell devised a plan to close the monasteries. This would allow Henry to gain money form the tithes and annates. In 1536 the Ten Articles were published. The Ten Articles declared that ‘Christ’s body and blood were actually present ‘substantially’. This statement meant that it could be used by Catholics or Lutherans as well. It was done in the thinking that it would justify the articles which proclaimed that ‘sinners attain the justification by contrition and faith joined with chanty’. This was a Catholic fixation. 3 years later, in 1539, The Act of Six Articles was published. It was published as it came to light that England was not as protestant as hoped and still remained substantially Catholic. Denial of transubstantiation was made punishable by burning. Politically and dynastically the reformation was inspired but evidence shows that without the religious ideology, it wouldn’t have become such a famous reform. Religious ideology initially started off the reformation, with Henry wanting a male heir to the throne of England. Dynastic and political considerations only back-up the initial fact. The Henrician Reformation began with religion and although it was inspired by politics and dynasty, this can’t take away from the fact that religion had a profound effect on the Henrician Reformation.

Should Community Service be Mandatory?

Albert Einstein, one of the smartest men to ever live, is quoted saying â€Å"Only a life lived for others is a life worthwhile.† This is achieved through striving to uplift those around you with volunteering. Anything from cleaning up garbage to offering companionship to elderly and disabled people is a way to change the world, bit by bit.However, no single person can change the world on his or her own. There must be a constant effort from all of those that support this belief. Some believe that the best way for this to be accomplished is through mandatory community service implemented through schools, charities or churches.Although community service can be extremely valuable in the development of both character and academics, some believe the negative effects of forcing students to participate by making a set amount of service a requirement for graduation could offset the benefits. Today, a majority of high schools require so many hours of community service in order for high school seniors to graduate.In 1984, only 17 percent of high schools offered a community service program. This number increased 66 percent in just 15 years. By 1999, 83 percent of all high schools offered, and many required participation in, a community service program. Two thirds of high schools today require students in all grades to participate in community service activities (Howe and Strauss), but is this taking it too far?Community service is being forced upon students all over the country. Students who are forced to do community service will grow to resent it, making them less likely to volunteer in their communities after college. Our country needs people to volunteer, and more than just the young adult high school population.Also, if students are forced to do community service, the quality of the help they give is probably not going to be very good because they don't really want to do it. Requiring community service takes the volunteerism out of the equation and soon many o f those who â€Å"volunteer† are those who don’t even want to be there. Forcing students to participate in community services will cause them to resent voluntary services for the community later in life. In most communities, community service is used as a punishment for those who step  out of line.â€Å"For teenagers, ‘community service’ came to mean punishment for drunk drivers and Breakfast Club miscreants† (Howe and Strauss). In addition to students coming to resent community service, mandatory service takes away the benefits that actual volunteers would receive. If community service is not required, volunteerism carries more weight on a college application.Aside from the collegial benefit, volunteering helps to build the moral center of oneself. In the article, â€Å"Community Service Mission Statement†, the writer states that â€Å"Community Service situates our moral center;† also that it teaches us through experience â€Å"â €”about the relationship between empathy and responsibility, about what it takes to be a part of a community†.The strength of a community is found within the hearts of those who make the area a home. However, critics believe that community service should be required. They argue that education should not be limited to the classroom and that community service is a learning experience. While this may be true, many other experiences are educational yet should not be mandatory for high school students. For example; sports. Not all students are meant to be athletes. Sports are encouraged throughout high schools, but not required. This gives students the opportunity to experience what it means to work hard as a team. If all students were required to play sports, it would ruin sports for those who love to play.The same goes for volunteering: service is a growing and a learning experience, yet if unwilling students are required to participate in service activities, they spoil the e xperience for everyone else. Critics support their idea with a great argument; however, it isn’t logical. Community service is without a doubt a learning experience, but the choice to partake in such an experience should be left to the student. Community service isn’t for everyone just as sports aren’t for everyone. It’s up to more than just the high school student to change the world, and this can be achieved by activities other than community service.

Types of Unethical Behavior of Salesperson Assignment

Types of Unethical Behavior of Salesperson - Assignment Example First and foremost, the notion of PSIs is one that has been investigated for over fifty years and probes to pose a conflict in the arenas ob business and direct sales. PSIs are exactly what they sound like: they are incentives offered by manufacturers to salespeople. These incentives serve to encourage the salespeople to promote certain products often to the neglect of other competing products. One can clearly see the ethical dilemma posed by PSIs as they are sometimes equated to bribes in that their underlying purpose is to motivate the compensated salespeople to offer advice to a customer that might contradict their true feelings on the product as well as illicit a recommendation that might not have necessarily occurred in the absence of the incentive. If a salesperson is charged with the responsibility of selling a full array of products, how can he/she is good conscious sell products to a client who may be inferior or may not necessarily meet the requirements requested by the cus tomer Additionally, how are we to justify the bias that the presence of PSIs introduces into the selling process. This raises a very prudent concern in that the stakeholders may be given an inaccurate picture of the quality of the product through the use of deceptive sales practice (Radin & Oppenheimer, 2002). Another ethical issue raised within the field of sales is the notion that many salespersons are obligated to sell all of the products carried by a store. In some instances, the salesperson is aware of the fact that the product could possibly pose harm to the customer. In the course of a sale, the customer may reveal information to the salesperson which indicates that the product may not be good for the customer. For example, if a customer reveals that he/she suffers from a bad back and would like to purchase a sofa. The store may have only one sofa that fits the customer's need but it may be inappropriate for his/her bad back.  

Euralia and the European Single Market Case Study

Euralia and the European Single Market - Case Study Example A hypothetical situation may arise concerning a Euralian citizen who has been criminally convicted or who has a highly infectious disease. It may be queried whether there are restrictions on the travel or movement of that convict or sick person throughout the Union. While the cited Article 14 -2 of the EC consolidated treaty provides for the free movement of goods and persons, it has some qualifications. The proviso itself contains the phrase "in accordance with the provisions of this Treaty". Under Title IV, specifically Article 61 - (c), the consolidated treaty is clear on the matter. It declares that the European Council shall adopt such measures concerning cooperation on police and judicial matters. It is further stipulated that these initiatives are geared toward a high level of security which includes actions to prevent and combat crimes.4 This limitation may be construed in conjunction with Article 39 - 3 which specifically says that even the right of workers who are Union citizens to move freely may be constrained or limited for reasons of public policy, security and health.5 The spirit of this limitation or constraint is also enshrined in Article 64-1 of the consolidated treaty, albeit with particular reference to border crossings, which provides that the exercise of the responsibilities of a member state regarding law and order and internal security are not affected by such freedoms. A convicted criminal who is a citizen of a member state poses threats to another state and his entry to the latter may be considered both a judicial and a police matter. It is a judicial matter because the felon had already been finally sentenced guilty and must be brought behind bars in his state of origin in order to serve the ends of justice there. As a matter of fact it is also a political concern because for a member state to allow a convicted criminal from another member state entry into its territory will not only be a violation of the European Union Treaty but may also be construed as a sign of disrespect to a co-equal. Furthermore, the travelling felon can become a liability to the host member state and a menace to its society. It is this aspect which makes the issue also a police matter. This is precisely the spirit and letter of the exceptions to the free travel rights of Europrean Union citizens among member states and sovereignties. An undesirable European Union citizen with a conviction record will be a problem to the security of the member state to which he will travel. Allowing him to enter the territory of the neighboring state will put the police authorities of the latter at a quandary and will be in contravention to the collective efforts to prevent and combat crimes. The kind of threat that the felon will create is the one embraced within the meaning of high level of sec

Popular American Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Popular American Culture - Essay Example American sport has become more than competitions with rules played on rinks, fields or diamonds. The current outset of sport is more than that struggle to reach the finish line, or a ball moving among athletes. What American sport has produced is more than the hero worship of winners and other usual trappings of sports that affect other societal aspects. Modern American sport has produced incredible dialogue about sports. The interest of American sport cuts across dividing lines of gender, ethnicity, income, age and geography. The world of American sport gives everyone a sense of belonging and shared language. As a result, this gives people extraordinary insights into American culture. Spectator sports attract large audiences since on the onset of the 1920s. Sports provide America with the people’s yearning for an increasingly impersonal practical society. The likes of Jack Dempsey became national idols for being winners. The focus was on those individuals whose talents flourished and made them appear larger than life. American football, which is considered the most popular sport in the United States, attracts more television viewers that any other spectator sport (Berman 45).The most professional American football league that is popular is the National Football League. It consists of 32 members, and its season lasts from September to December. The playoffs end in January and February with playoffs and the Super Bowl. The Super Bowl, which is the championship game, is the highest rated television show with over 100 million viewers per year. Baseball also draws large crowds. It is the oldest of the main American sports. Although it is no longer a popular sport, most people still refer to it as the national sport. Major baseball teams play almost every day unlike the professional levels of other popular sports. Soccer is rated the third sport that is most widely played in America (Berman 54). This has been a recent addition to American pastime, and it has gained popularity in the better half of the 2 0th century. Among other sports are ice hockey, tennis, boxing, golf and horse racing that bring so many people into their domain. American sport captivates many and increases duties and anxieties that go deeper than other industries. American sport is a way in which great relationships are constructed for generations who grow up following in similar footsteps. It is a haven from other societal struggles and an oasis of verifiable truth in the desert of modern life. All these perceptions give people a clue on the uniqueness of American culture. The modernity of American cultur

Not working 40hr work week Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Not working 40hr work week - Research Paper Example The union is clearly correct that the company did not provide notice of offenses, as the August 2001 letter was not labeled as warning. Also, in July 2001 his shift changed and management did not explain these changes to the grievant. The grievant could easily misunderstand the hours of work change, as it stated â€Å"from 3 pm to 12 pm† not from 3 pm to 12 am. This can easily be confusing, as one portion states a 40 hour week, but the times add up to a 105 hour week. Also, the company stated that the CBA was â€Å"clear and unambiguous† which it was not. Also, the company claimed that the grievant had a history of not working the required number of hours per day (8) and he would be suspended if this continued. The grievant had not worked a full 8 hour shift since he started as a doorman. He worked from 3 pm to 11 pm with an unpaid hour for dinner. That is, again, only 7 hours. 2. The CBA provisions dictate this award because of the inaccurate times laid out in the regi stered letter. Also, the grievant was told that he â€Å"will work an 8-hour day and a 40-hour work week.† If this does not happen, he will be suspended. The letter was not a warning and could easily be perceived as a simple letter of the change of his hours of work. There was no explanation of the CBA to the grievant, leaving him to his own devices to understand the readings. 3.

Memo and letter Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Memo and letter - Essay Example Since you did not listen to our expert advice, there is nothing that we can do for you on this matter. If it is your wish to still plant trees in this particular wet area, it would be better if you planted balsam firs there. Admittedly balsam needles are significantly darker than the Douglas Firs’, but the shape of both trees would still fit in with your tree line. If you have any more concerns or queries at all, then please get in touch with our customer service department and we will be more than willing to help you. Once again, we understand what you are going through but we just can’t be of assistance at this particular time. I am writing this memo to you to analyze Raymond Manning’s application for a crushing and grinding manager’s position at Durango Chemical Corporation. It my opinion, the application letter is convincing and provides many reasons why he should get the job, although it could be structured better to improve his chances of getting the job. Raymond has set up the heading of the letter in the right format because the letter is addressed to the corporation and includes location details. This is fairly standard procedure. However, Raymond also uses a regular and much used greeting, â€Å"To Whom It May Concern.† While this is an appropriate many to address a letter to someone in a formal business setting, the letter could be much more personable if it was actually addressed to the person who is going to read the letter. It would not be too difficult to find out who is in charge of appointing someone for the role. In fact, the person’s name and position is probably stated in the job advertisement that Raymond read in the newspaper. If it was not, then he could have done some research and found the appropriate name. Employers generally prefer to be addressed directly rather than just having a generic greeting. The first line of the letter is good because it gets straight to the point. Employers often do not have much time to read

Free Movement of Goods Article 34 and 36 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Free Movement of Goods Article 34 and 36 - Essay Example The aspect of measures can also include the inaction of a State to stop private individuals’ acts, which prevent the free movement of goods (The College of Law 2012, p200). The ECJ described the expression of quantitative restriction as measures that amount to partial or total restraint of, based on the circumstances, exports, imports or goods in transit. There are two laws that apply in this category but in this case, the most applicable law is the outright ban enforced by a Member State (Spain) on imports from another Member State (The College of Law 2012, p201). Free Pork Ltd plans to begin selling its products in Spain have been hampered by the law that requires the sale of sausages produced from humanely reared pigs to be checked by Spanish Sausage Checkers (SSC). If the sausages are not checked by SSC, the law prohibits its sales in Spain. However, the process of verifying whether the sausages have those conditions is usually lengthy. Therefore, Free Pork can challenge t his Spanish law. There is also a law that requires the name of the company not to use words that imply health or fitness. Free Pork can also challenge this law because it restricts the importation of goods and can affect the brand image of the company. The SSC is a form of a licencing system, which according to the articles, subjects the import of merchandises to the condition of getting an import licence. Even in situations where the application for an import licence is regarded a mere formality; it is a Quantitative Restriction. This is because is simply a mechanism in which imports can be restricted. In practice, it is very rare for the Member States laws to result to quantitative restrictions. The ban on exports or imports between Member States is only found in unusual circumstances (The College of Law 2012, p201). Therefore, failure by Free Pork Ltd to meet the conditions set by the Spanish laws is an outright ban on exporting sausages to this Member State. As stated earlier, t he ban only happens in unusual circumstances, and thus, Free Pork can challenge the law because an unusual circumstance lacks, which prohibits it from exporting the goods to Spain. The directive was important in developing a brief wording of the Article 34 TFEU (Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union) and it continues to offer guidance on the measures that can constitute a breach of Article 34 TFEU prohibitions. Article 2(1) of the directive describes a class of measures (for instance, national laws) that treat imported goods and domestic goods differently. They are commonly referred to as distinctly applicable measures. Article 3 of the directive describes a class of national laws that apply equally to imported and domestic products. These laws have a restrictive impact and they are commonly referred to as indistinctly applicable (The College of Law 2012, p202). Therefore, the directive classifies both indistinctly and distinctly applicable measures as measures that have a n impact equivalent to restrictions on imports. From the statement, it can be stated that a national law can become MEQR (Measures having Equivalent effect to a Quantitative Restriction) regardless of whether it â€Å"discriminates against imported products or appears to treat them in the same way as domestic products but is in

Summary for -Understanding The Role of Networking in Organizations Coursework

Summary for -Understanding The Role of Networking in Organizations Article- - Coursework Example In relation to this, political skill is related to networking in that it is also a goal-directed behavior and it concentrates on interpersonal relationships. (Agronoff R) It is situations whereby individuals control the impressions others form of them. Nevertheless networking has been more driven by purpose on the other hand impression management is a less focused action. It’s the sort of relationship that exists between individuals, group and systems that relates to interdependencies Including visions, values, social contacts, ideas and joint memberships. Among other issues covered by networking include; Mentoring, Measurement of networking, Job level and Organizational level The article is rated to be of high quality, because of the strategies that the author employed while writing the article. Moreover, the author ensured that all sectors of networking are properly covered that is the merits and demerits of networking to the life of an individual, as well as to the organization at

MHE512 - Disaster Relief Module 1 - SLP Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

MHE512 - Disaster Relief Module 1 - SLP - Essay Example (Atkins et al 2008) Political: Philippines has a fairly established democratic political system comprising of the executive, legislative and judicial branches. The chief executive is the President with departments governed by Cabinet secretaries. Since the year 2000 when the former president Joseph Estrada was impeached and removed from office, the country has suffered from several coups from the military and yearly impeachment of President Arroyo. She replaced Estrada after the ‘bloodless revolution’ and was later officially declared as the winner of the 2004 Presidential elections. (Benson, 2005) Muslims in the south fought for autonomy starting in the 1960s and pockets of resistance are still present even though peace agreements have been made. Several of these groups, most notably the Abu Sayyaf, are resorting to terrorist kidnapping activities of foreigners. The Communist Party which is currently in political asylum in The Netherlands still maintains a revolutionary army in the country. They are still operating within the mountainous areas. (CNDR/USAID, 2000) Economic: Agriculture is the major source of income but it has suffered from low productivity, insufficient infrastructure support and low economies of scale. Industrial production is now taking centre stage as electronics comprise two-thirds of export products. A Texas instruments operating in Baguio, one of its major cities, produces 100% of all the chips used in Nokia and 80% of those used in Ericsson. Toshiba laptops were also produced in Santa Rosa but the plant has been converted to produce HDD. The outsourcing industry is also growing as major U.S. call centers take advantage of the English-speaking proficient population. (Atkins et al, 2008) The country has also seen a large majority of its workforce going in other countries for employment and has led to the Overseas Filipino Workers Remittances economy. Typical destinations include the Middle East, China, Canada,

A Life Lesson from My Grandma Essay Example for Free

A Life Lesson from My Grandma Essay The tears rolled down profusely as I held the telephone receiver in my hand. My aunt was still on the other end, demanding that I immediately rush over to Grandma Mary’s house. At this instant, my gut instinct responded by tightening up indicating that something was definitely wrong. And it was only then; memories of her youthful days flashed across my mind, reminding me of her mantra, â€Å"You must never allow anyone to steal your joy†. And it appeared as if she was standing right beside me, but I knew it was just a fragment of my imagination. I confirmed there and then to myself, I recognized now that I had lost someone, but I would have something with me for life, the value of unconditional love my grandma often displayed amongst her family and her neighbors by extension, and she would always reiterate how much she wanted it to live on. Granny Mary was like a female Goliath. Blessed with a dark chocolate skin tone, moles and wrinkles canvassed her face which we often referred to as the storylines of her life. But the positivity she gave off could connect a grounded wire on a cold winter night. How she did it, she alone knew. I remember her making ends meet, and providing food for her family after two failed marriages. As the other half of her twin, Uncle John would pay his sister to do his laundry, cook his food and maintain the downstairs of the home which he occupied. And yes, pretty amazing how this money brought up six kids and assisted my sister and I as the two first grandchildren in the family. Not only did she raise her grand kids, but the entire neighborhood’s children were taken care of by â€Å"Aunty Mary† also, a name she would always be remembered by. I can still recall how many days the neighbor’s kids will come without food or clothes, but when they left, their tummies were filled, and late evening shower already taken. We would all surround granny as she read a bible story and explained the role of each person mentioned in the  bible. It was as if her joy was ensuring that all children were always happy and knew the value of love. And yes, this stood out most, because to this day, I share the same sentiments when dealing with my daughter and my niece, or all children I interact with on a daily basis. To this day, I could count the number of times I saw a toothy smile on her almost daunting face, after that late December afternoon when the hospital called to say my Uncle Brian passed away after being involved in a motor vehicular accident on the Solomon Hochoy Highway. She continued to emphasize that we were totally in control of our own happiness, and we should live life to the fullest always displaying love and making sure all is well with our soul as we never know when the good Lord will call us home. I remembered her kneeling to pray with her every night before we go to bed. She embedded that prayer was the answer to every problem you can ever encounter in this life and happiness is within one’s self. Grandma Mary would often have us assist her when she picked peas or fed the chickens in the backyard. We watched the chickens developed from baby chicks to mealtime. And yes, we’d joke about it when it was time to catch them to have grandma prepare some great soul f ood for us. In April 2012, I was able to display the said qualities Grandma Mary embedded in us. I gave birth to a still born baby boy, and all I saw after giving birth, was my grand-mother’s face. How she’d often say God is ever to wise to make a mistake, and God sees what we don’t. Although I didn’t want to hear that at that time of grief, I clearly remembered dreaming her one night, giving me confirmation that all would be well, and continue to love and have faith in God. And as I thought about her the morning after I was discharged from the hospital, I made hot cocoa, and the aroma took me back to twenty years ago when my grandmother was alive. We’d wake up to the aroma of hot cocoa and her favorite Jim Reeve would be blasting through the house, â€Å"If heaven’s not my home, then Lord what will I do?† And it was as if she strengthened me to look forward and not regret. I remembered her mantra, and I did not allow the death of my son to steal my joy. I still had my daughter to brighten up my days, and prayers assisted me in trusting and believing that God had better plans for me. As an individual, I can associate part of my grandmother’s journey to that of mine. No mother comes on this earth with the intentions of having to bury their own child, but all in all, life has to go on. And not just go on, but I am in control of my own joy. The qualities she left us with have continued to reign throughout my family, and every time I sit to tell a story about Grandma Mary, I can safely associate her with love, faith and God. The aroma of hot cocoa today brings a smile on my face, and each time I hear a Jim Reeve play, I’ll see her wrinkled face. There is no greater joy in having a loved one live on although they are no longer with us in body. I am one hundred percent guaranteed she is indeed happy with the positive value we continue to display. And the deep voice ringing through my head, â€Å"You must never allow anyone to steal your joy†.

Rear Window Music Analysis

Rear Window Music Analysis Sir Alfred Joseph Hitchcock (13 August 1899 29 April 1980), was one of the greatest English filmmakers and producers who not only pioneered many techniques in the psychological thriller genre but also employed more musical styles and techniques than any other directors in history. Rear Window was his boldest experiment in popular music. Just like many of Hitchcocks films, the music is a crucial part of the narrative and one of the many keys of a Hitchcocks mystery thriller. But it was the unique way that he put the street sounds into the soundtrack and made it in and out of windows and the heros dream because of this, it is believed that he found a new role for music in a post-modernistic film set in a post-war era. In every one Hitchcocks films, song is intrinsic in opening Hitchcocks little black humour of human relationship. The song of Lisa is the heart of the musical narrative in the Rear Window. People can see the process of metamorphosis of Lisa by the nameless composer through the film. From tentative piano to gradual instrumentation, voice-piano tryouts, improvisation, gradual instrumentation and voice-piano improvisation the metamorphosis. Lisa often played against the emotion of the scene highlighting the progress of Lisas relationship with Jeff. In Rear Window, the window of the nameless composer is in the centre. It created an interesting contrast in the film between the romanticized figure of the tireless composer and the cold but intellectual Jeff. The music drift progressed through the windows, and became an alternate language, sounding the main characters unconscious thoughts, contradicting them and moving them forward and finally saving Miss Lonely hearts and Lisa from fear of losing love of living. The first time the composer played, Lisa was in a skeletal form as single piano note with Hitchcock when Lisa and Jeff had their first conflict. Lisa comments on the music claiming it was enchanting and seems written especially for them. The conversation was shut immediately by Jeffs crucial comments thats no wonder hes having so much trouble with love. It seems like composers creative block applied to Jeffs difficulties in love with Lisa. Because Lisa often played against the emotion of the scene, the second time Lisa was played out again is when Jeff took out his telephoto-lens to watch Thorwalds unpacking of knives and saws and empties jewelry from his wifes handbag. But at this time, the music style changes to Lisztian Cadenzas and it continues in a tentative orchestration where Lisa and Stella dig in the courtyard garden for evidence and Lisa bravely breaks into Thorwalds apartment. As the musician performed Lisa with his musician friends confidently in jazz-combo version, Lisa cried out Jeff! but Stella and Jeff could only watch helplessly as Thorwald attacked her in the dark. Till Lisa nearly finished in suavely orchestrated, camera leaved Thorwalds window, moved down and stocked into miss lonely hearts apartment. This is the most remarkable scene involving the courtyard digging, Jeff and Stella tensely watch her put down the suicide pill and stared upward thoughtfully, searching for the sources of the music. At the end of the film, the Lisa theme song begins to overpower the Rear Window finale; this popular song is triumphantly played through all of the windows; everyone had all kinds of reunions and romances. Miss Lonely Hearts is re-united with her life saving composer. Lisa and Jeff figure their situation out; even the heartbroken dog lovers had a new pet It is believed that what Miss Lonely Heart did emphasised the relationship between people and music. Although music did not have a source, it did have the first and only instant of an invisible score for life. None of us can adequately explain how strong the influence of music could do to us. Although music as a camera, can allow people to distrust language and to convey a meaning beyond words. As people could see Hitchcocks characters, like all of us cannot help using some language ,as Lisa said there is that song again. The song Lisa was more complex in structure and functioned differently when it was played in a different style and lyrics, it also offered more detail in Hitchcocks storytelling. Music is a force that keeps the films heroes and heroines in the present; Lisa is empowered by her song in progress. The music performance in this film is profoundly modern; each song is played out of the windows of people who need them to maintain their connection with life. The structure of Lisas work is fine as many other songs in Hitchcocks films, however Hitchcock did not appropriate. It may be because Hitchcock was a grudging romantic with the method of painstaking classicist and the Lisa was hard to show the audience the dramatized ambivalence in the conflict between main characters. Hence Hitchcock later argued Rear Windows the matic experiment of Lisa is a failure. In his letter to Truffaut, he explains what he thought of Waxmans composition , that he had a motion picture songwriter when he should have had a popular songwriter. This highlights that as passive viewers, Hitchcock seeking manipulation and needing the song strings pulled at just the right moments for maximum impact. According to Robin Wood, in Rear Window, every character is isolated. But music provides a mysterious connection with the relationship between people, especially for Lisa and Jeff. Rear Window has been referred to be Hitchcocks most intellectual film. It is a hard hitting, creative work of social comment which Hitchcock and many of his peers considered to be true horror. The music gained the film a great influence on mass culture on the post-war American society. Its an ode to the idea of the musical composer (and in turn the film director), especially when compared to Jeff, the embodiment of an increasingly wealthy and an indefinitely distracted society.

Phases of Liquid Crystals

Phases of Liquid Crystals Introduction to Liquid Crystals A liquid crystal is a thermodynamic stable phase characterized by anisotropy of properties Without the existence of a three-dimensional crystal lattice, generally lying in the temperature Range between the solid and isotropic liquid phase, hence the term mesophase. Liquid crystal materials are unique in their properties and uses. As research into this field Continues and as new applications are developed, liquid crystals will play an important role in Modern technology. This tutorial provides an introduction to the science and applications of these materials. The term liquid crystal signifies a state of aggregation that is intermediate between the crystalline solid and the amorphous liquid. As a rule a substance in this state is strongly anisotropic some of its properties and yet exhibits a certain degree of fluidity, which in some case may be comparable to that of an ordinary liquid. The first observations of liquid crystalline or mesomorphic behaviour were made towards the end of the last century by reinitzer and lehmann. What are Liquid Crystals? Liquid crystal materials generally have several common characteristics. Among these are a rodlike molecular structure, rigidness of the long axis, and strong dipole and/or easily polarizable substituents. A dipole is present when we have two equal electric or magnetic charges of opposite sign, separated by a small distance. In the electric case, the dipole moment is given by the product of one charge and the distance of separation. Applies to charge and current distributions as well. In the electric case, a displacement of charge distribution produces a dipole moment, as in a molecule. The distinguishing characteristic of the liquid crystalline state is the tendency of the molecules (mesogens) to point along a common axis, called the director (the molecular direction of preferred orientation in liquid crystalline mesophases). This is in contrast to molecules in the liquid phase, which have no intrinsic order. In the solid state, molecules are highly ordered and have little translational freedom. The characteristic orientational order of the liquid crystal state is between the traditional solid and liquid phases and this is the origin of the term mesogenic state, used synonymously with liquid crystal state. Note the average alignment of the molecules for each phase in the following diagram. A mesogen is rigid rodlike or disclike molecules which are components of liquid crystalline materials. It is sometimes difficult to determine whether a material is in a crystal or liquid crystal state. Crystalline materials demonstrate long range periodic order in three dimensions. By definition, an isotropic (Having properties that are the same regardless of the direction of measurement. In the isotropic state, all directions are indistinguishable from each other)liquid has no orientational order. Substances that arent as ordered as a solid, yet have some degree of alignment are properly called liquid crystals. Liquid Crystal Phases Liquid crystal phases are formed by a wide variety of molecules. They can be divided into two classes, thermo tropic and allotropic. Transitions to thermotropic phases are initiated by changes in temperature, while those to lyotropic phases can also be initiated by changes in concentration. Thermotropic Phases Thermotropic liquid crystals can generally be formed by prolate (calamitic) molecules or oblate (discotic) molecules. Liquid crystal phases formed by calamitic molecules fall into three different categories: nematic, chiral nematic, and smectic. Nematic Liquid Crystal Phase The simplest liquid crystal phase is called the nematic phase (N). It is characterized by a high degree of long range orientational order but no translational order. Molecules in a nematic phase spontaneously order with their (for calamitic molecules) long axes roughly parallel. Schematic diagram of a nematic liquid crystal A uniformly aligned nematic has a preferred direction, often described in terms of a unit vector called the director. More generally a bulk nematic will contain domains. The orientation of the director is constant in each domain but is different in different domains. Viewed under a polarizing microscope the defect regions linking these domains appear as dark threads Chiral Nematic Liquid Crystal Phase Chiral molecules can also form nematic phases called chiral nematic (or cholesteric) phases (N*). This phase shows nematic ordering but the preferred direction rotates throughout the sample. The axis of this rotation is normal to the director. An example of this is shown in Fig (b). The distance over which the director rotates by 360 is called the chiral pitch and is generally of the order of hundreds of nanometres, the wavelength of visible light. A non-chiral nematic phase can be thought of as a chiral nematic with an infinite pitch. Fig (b). Smectic Liquid Crystal Phases Smectic phases have further degrees of order compared to the nematic phase. In the simplest smectic phase, the smectic-A (SmA) phase, the molecules order into layers, with the layer normal parallel to the director. Within the layers, liquid like structure remains, as shown in Fig. 1.3. Closely related to the SmA phase is the smectic-C (SmC) phase. Here the molecules form a layer structure but the long axes of the molecules, and hence the director, lies at an angle to the layer normal, as shown in Fig. 1.4. There are many other smectic phases which have long range order within the layers Smectic phases can also be formed by chiral molecules, leading to chiral smectic phases. Discotic Liquid Crystal Phases Liquid crystal phases formed by discotic molecules fall into three different categories: discotic nematic, discotic chiral nematic, and columnar. The discotic nematic is similar in structure to the calamitic nematic, although in this case the short axes of the molecules tend to lie parallel. The same holds for the discotic chiral nematic phases. Columnar phases are the discotic equivalent of the smectic phase. Here the molecules form columns. In the simplest case the short axes of the molecules lie parallel to the axis of the column and the columns are randomly distributed in space. More complicated discotic phases exist, where the short molecular axes lie at an angle to the column and translational order exists between the columns, analogous to the more complicated smectic phases. Other Thermotropic Phases Most of the phases exhibited by low molecular mass liquid crystals are described above. Recently however there has been much interest in the so-called `banana phases formed by bent-core molecules Some of these phases are chiral although the molecules forming them are achiral. Some high molecular mass polymers, liquid crystalline polymers (LCP), can also form liquid crystal phases. These fall into two categories depending on where the mesogenic part of the molecule is located. If the mesogenic unit is contained within the main polymer chain then it is termed a main chain liquid crystal polymer (MCLCP). These fall into two categories depending on where the mesogenic part of the molecule is located. If the mesogenic unit is contained within the main polymer chain then it is termed a main chain liquid crystal polymer (MCLCP). Lyotropic Liquid Crystal Phases Lyotropic liquid crystal phases are formed by amphiphilic molecules. These often consist of a polar head group attached to one or more non-polar chains and are often known as surfactants (surface active agents). A schematic is shown in Fig. 1.5. When these are dissolved in an appropriate solvent they self-assemble so the polar (hydrophilic) heads protect the non-polar (hydrophobic) tails. These structures are known as micelles. At low surfactant concentrations these are roughly spherical, as shown in Fig. 1.6. As the surfactant Concentration increases then other phases are formed. These include the hexagonal phase where the amphiphiles form cylinders that pack in a hexagonal array and the lamellar phase where the amphiphiles form a bilayer structure. Structure-Property Relationships in Liquid Crystals Despite this there exists only a poor understanding of how changes in molecular structure affect material properties. For liquid crystals this is complicated by several factors. Firstly, liquid crystal phases are formed by materials from the whole spectrum of chemical classes: organic, organometallic, and biological molecules can all form liquid crystal phases. Secondly, mesogenic molecules are generally quite large. A typical low mass mesogen will have from about 40-100 atoms. For liquid crystalline polymers and dendrimers this can be closer to a few thousand atoms. Liquid crystals tend to be flexible. This inhibits crystallization, preventing the direct transition from an isotropic liquid to a crystalline solid. It also leads to a large degree of conformational freedom, so properties are generally determined by more than just the equilibrium structure. Finally liquid crystal molecules often contain disparate parts (such as alkyl and perfluoroalkyl chains) that can have a large effect on the phase behaviour. Investigation of these factors by experimental or theoretical means should hopefully lead to a better understanding of structure-property relationships in liquid crystals. In principle the relationship between molecular structure and macroscopic properties can be investigated through the synthesis of series of similar mesogenic compounds. This however can be time consuming and may involve many difficult and expensive syntheses. Thus, the ability to determine the properties of a molecular structure before synthesis would be desirable. It is here that simulations can play an important role. Simulations on general molecular models can be used to find features that can lead to a particular property or phase. Atomistic simulations can be used to determine material properties of a particular molecular structure. Chemical Properties of Liquid Crystals Liquid crystals can be classified into two main categories: thermotropic liquid crystals, And lyotropic liquid crystals. These two types of liquid crystals are distinguished by the mechanisms that drive their self-organization, but they are also similar in many ways. Thermotropic transactions occur in most liquid crystals, and they are defined by the fact that the transitions to the liquid crystalline state are induced thermally. That is, one can arrive at the Liquid crystalline state by raising the temperature of a solid and/or lowering the temperature of a Liquid. Thermotropic liquid crystals can be classified into two types: enantiotropic liquid crystals, Which can be changed into the liquid crystal state from either lowering the temperature of a Liquid or raising of the temperature of a solid, and monotropic liquid crystals, which can only be Changed into the liquid crystal state from either an increase in the temperature of a solid or a Decrease in the temperature of a liquid, but not both. In general, thermotropic mesophases occur Because of anisotropic dispersion forces between the molecules and because of packing Interactions. In contrast to thermotropic mesophases, lyotropic liquid crystal transitions occur with the Influence of solvents, not by a change in temperature. Lyotropic mesophases occur as a result of Solvent-induced aggregation of the constituent mesogens into micellar structures. Lyotropic mesogens are typically amphiphilic, meaning that they are composed of both lyophilic (solventattracting) And lyophobic (solvent-repelling) parts. This causes them to form into micellar structures in the presence of a solvent, since the lyophobic ends will stay together as the lyophilic ends extend outward toward the solution. As the concentration of the solution is increased and The solution is cooled, the micelles increase in size and eventually coalesce. This separates the newly formed liquid crystalline state from the solvent. A very large number of chemical compounds are known to exhibit one or several liquid crystalline phases. Despite significant differences in chemical composition, these molecules have some common features in chemical and physical properties. There are two types of thermotropic liquid crystals: discotics and rod-shaped molecules. Discotics are flat disc-like molecules consisting of a core of adjacent aromatic rings. This allows for two dimensional columnar ordering. Rod-shaped molecules have an elongated, anisotropic geometry which allows for preferential alignment along one spatial direction. The rod-like low molar mass (LMM) liquid crystals, such as 5CB shown in the following Diagram: require an extended conformation of the molecule which must be maintained through the rigidityand linearity of its constituents. That is, in order for a molecule to display the characteristics of a liquid crystal, it must be rigid and rod-shaped. This is accomplished by the interconnection of two rigid cyclic units. The interconnecting group should cause the resulting compound to have a linear planar conformation. Linking units containing multiple bonds such as -(CH=N)-, -N=N-, -(CH=CH)n-, -CH=N-N=CH-, etc. are used since they restrict the freedom of rotation. These groups can conjugate with phenylene rings, enhancing the anisotropic polarizability. This increases the molecular length and maintains the rigidity. Applications of Liquid Crystals Liquid crystal technology has had a major effect many areas of science and engineering, as well as device technology. Applications for this special kind of material are still being discovered and continue to provide effective solutions to many different problems. Liquid Crystal Displays The most common application of liquid crystal technology is liquid crystal displays (LCDs.) This Field has grown into a multi-billion dollar industry, and many significant scientific and Engineering discoveries have been made. Liquid Crystal Thermometers As demonstrated earlier, chiral nematic (cholesteric) liquid crystals reflect light with a wavelength equal to the pitch. Because the pitch is dependent upon temperature, the color reflected also is dependent upon temperature. Liquid crystals make it possible to accurately gauge temperature just by looking at the color of the thermometer. By mixing different compounds, a device for practically any temperature range can be built. The mood ring, a popular novelty a few years ago, took advantage of the unique ability of the chiral nematic liquid crystal. More important and practical applications have been developed in such diverse areas as medicine and electronics. Special liquid crystal devices can be attached to the skin to show a map of temperatures. This is useful because often physical problems, such as tumors, have a different temperature than the surrounding tissue. Liquid crystal temperature sensors can also be used to find bad connections on a circuit board by detecting the cha racteristic higher temperature Optical Imaging An application of liquid crystals that is only now being explored is optical imaging and recording. In this technology, a liquid crystal cell is placed between two layers of photo conductor. Light is applied to the photoconductor, which increases the materials conductivity. This causes an electric field to develop in the liquid crystal corresponding to the Intensity of the light. The electric pattern can be transmitted by an electrode, which enables the Image to be recorded. This technology is still being developed and is one of the most promising Areas of liquid crystal research. Other Liquid Crystal Applications Liquid crystals have a multitude of other uses. They are used for nondestructive mechanical Testing of materials under stress. This technique is also used for the visualization of RF (radio frequency) waves in waveguides. They are used in medical applications where, for example, transient pressure transmitted by a walking foot on the ground is measured. Low molar mass (LMM) liquid crystals have applications including erasable optical disks, full color electronic slides for computer-aided drawing (CAD), and light modulators for color electronic imaging. As new properties and types of liquid crystals are investigated and researched, these materials are sure to gain increasing importance in industrial and scientific applications.

The Three Great Compromises :: essays research papers

The Three Great Compromises The United States of America was founded on the basis of compromise, but what does compromise really mean? According to the Webster's New World Dictionary compromise means "an adjustment of opposing principles". Political systems use compromises in daily life. The Three Great Compromises that occurred early in this nation's government were the Connecticut Compromise, the 3/5 Compromise, and finally the Commerce & Slave Trade Compromise. Were it not for these compromises the United States could still be governed under the Articles of Conferderation. The Connecticut Compromise was the most important compromise in the history of the U.S. government. The representatives from each state were going to change the government totally, from powerful state governments to a powerful central government, which they vowed not to do when they declared independence from England. Rhode Island was so disgusted with the idea of changing the government that they did not even come to the meeting. Finally after all the debating and each state getting their say, they "compromised" on a plan where they would have two governmental houses, one being the House of Representatives and the second being the Senate, with the Senate being the stronger of the two houses. The House of Representatives was based on each state's population, that is the more people in the state the more representatives that state would get. The Senate said that regardless of the state's population each state would get two representatives all with equal say. The 3/5 Compromise was mainly about slaves. The issue in this compromise was should slaves be counted for determining representation for each state? The North did not want them to be counted because they were considered possessions, not citizens, and that meant less representation for them. The South, on the other hand, wanted them to be counted because that meant that they could pass laws more beneficial to the South since they would have more representation. So they "compromised" and said that each slave counted 3/5 of a person. The final compromise was the Commerce & Slave Trade Compromise. The issue here was should Congress be able to regulate trade and should the United States continue with slave trading? The North felt that Congress should control trade and put an end to slave trading. The South was fearful of Northern jealousy of Southern agriculture trade with England, and the South was also wary of Congress

Accountability: The Key in the Healthcare Environment Essay examples -

Accountability is key in the healthcare environment in that members of a healthcare organization must be responsible for their actions and held accountable by the organization or the consumer. Many significant changes have occurred in healthcare and one of the most noted was the beginning of professional integration between businesses, hospitals and physicians. Solid partnerships have emerged and over time individuals within these successful healthcare organizations have developed mutual understanding and respect for the others profession (Fraschetti & Sugarman, 2009). Leaders and managers in healthcare have used this knowledge to build high-performance teams through various competencies particularly with the skills found in interpersonal competency. Through positive communication, training, mentorship, collaboration and staff empowerment transitional managers and leaders exhibit interpersonal competency skills, which are very effective in the healthcare environment (Guo & Anders on, 2005). Through management’s team building efforts we see high-performance healthcare teams emerge with trust, shared goals and a strong organizational culture that understand the mission and the goals they need to accomplish. Individuals, teams, managers and leaders in a successful organization know and understand their responsibilities and the standard that is expected. Scott (2001) outlines a three-part accountability process that defines what is expected, assists individuals in understanding expectations, and establishes standards and guarantees that are consistent and allow for accountability. Measures and Implementation in the Accountability Process In the United States Navy we are taught the Navy definition of accountability and then ... ...rive. Pivot Health website. Retrieved February 21, 2011, from http://www.pivothealth.com/userfiles/pdf/090701%20Bob%20Fraschetti%20Michael%20Sugarman%20Successful%20Hosiptal-Physician%20Integration%20Trustee.pdf. Guo, K. L. & Anderson, D. (2005). The new health care paradigm: Roles and competencies of leaders in the service line management approach. International Journal of Health Care Quality Assurance, 18(6/7), XII,XIII,XIV,XV,XVI,XVII,XVIII,XIX,XX. Retrieved January 11, 2011, from ABI/INFORM Global. (Document ID: 948775781). Miller, N. (2000). Seeking accountability. Nursing Economics, 18(2), 92. Retrieved March 6, 2011, from ABI/INFORM Global. (Document ID: 52765815). Scott, G. (2001). Accountability for service excellence. Journal of Healthcare Management, 46(3), 152-5. Retrieved March 6, 2011, from ABI/INFORM Global. (Document ID: 73034086).

Racial tensions and problems Essay

Racial tensions and problems are common for multiracial countries. They are unavoidable as wherever there is a mixture of cultures, there always is prejudice. As far as the history is concerned, blacks were the ones to whom the hatred was directed the most. Laissez-faire- the initial policy of the British government towards migration proved to work for country’s disadvantage, which only became clear in the years that followed. Negroes, Indians, Asians or any other ethnic minority whose skin color is darker than that of WASP (White Anglo-Saxon Protestants) are referred to as black. For these people the term â€Å"equality of opportunity† is far from the truth and their struggle for â€Å"freedom† seems to be endless. They experience many humiliations on everyday basis and often are objects of bullying. They find it difficult to assimilate owing to many reasons and the society is not helping them at all. However, in accordance with some claims, there exist certain opportunities that these people may take an advantage of. The children of black families are said to be the ones that can make the most of the two cultures- the native and the target one. Owing to their susceptibility, it is easier for them to assimilate than for their parents who have a strong feeling of identity and are often nostalgic about their origin. Mixed schools are places where black children learn about the target culture and socialize with their friends of different origins. It is an opportunity for them to enrich their cultural values and at the same time preserve their own. Due to the disrespectful attitude they meet with everyday, these children become much more motivated to do well at school than their peers. It is education that is inculcated into their mind since it is essential to lead a decent and respectful life in future. On the other hand, schools are often places of terror for black students. In fact, they are bullied and intimidated on every occasion. There are many racist groups including skinheads, whose ideologies are close to that of Nazis. â€Å"The skinheads beat the Bengalis with baseball bats and bottles  and drove at them in a van. One Asian was beaten unconscious  as the mob returned for a second assault just minutes  after the first one. When police searched their van they found  a swastika flag, white supremascist literature as well as machete,  axe, knives and a CS cannister.† (‘Asian Weekly’ 12 July 1993) Blacks are considered as enemies or plague of the country and these subgroups refer to themselves as the cure. Their severe attacks most often have fatal effects or even result in suicides. The victims are innocent adolescents whose only crime seems to be their complexion. Strange as it may seem, elocution and clothing can contribute a lot to an improvement of ones image and status. There are numerous blacks who became successful on television or in politics and many other walks of life. These people surely do not consider themselves different from their parents or ancestors; neither do they consider themselves better. It is hard work that has got them so far and they have every right to be proud of themselves. This may be regarded as the very last step of acculturation where a person is fully assimilated and integrated into the target culture. At this stage one may say that the opportunities for blacks become almost equal with those of WASP. People seeing a black man on television reading news no longer see a black speaker but a speaker who happens to be black and that is a grave difference. It can be safely said that speech manner and impeccable appearance combined with good education opens a window of opportunities for blacks, however, not many of them are willing to accept this chance. â€Å"The fact that many black teenagers dress in the style  of extremist groups, such as the rap group Public Enemy,  conjures up images of hostility and aggression in some people’s  minds. Rightly or wrongly, they will be equated with the attitudes  that such groups represent.† (‘The Sunday Times’ 30 August 1992) Making an effort to assimilate is crucial. Most of young blacks do exactly the opposite. Their appearance and offensive language stray too far from the established norms that exist in a given society. By doing that they exhibit a very negative attitude toward life, which is portrayed not as a desire to assimilate but the converse. Because of the facts presented above only a small percentage of blacks gains respect and a good position in life. This gave rise to something which was termed an â€Å"affirmative action†. All it meant was that employers, to some extent, were forced to give job to people from ethnic minorities. In every institution there must have been a certain percentage of these people employed in order to create a general feeling of equality. Positive as it may seem, this also created problems. It was a â€Å"backstab† for people of the target culture because their jobs were threatened. General attitude was that blacks are given the jobs of whites who are often better skilled to do them. Considering an assembly-line job it did not matter much but a police force was more serious issue. Blacks were teamed with whites to patrol the streets not because their abilities or test scores were high but because they were black and that was an outrage. The society was very negative toward the idea of affirmative action and remained so until today. All in all, I would venture to say that the parents are the ones to be blamed for the problems that their children have with assimilation. It is often their attitude and the feeling of nostalgia that does not allow the youngsters to adopt the target culture. The children are left confused and undergo an identity crisis trying to reconcile themselves to a particular culture. This is where all the problems result from and they seem to outweigh the opportunities that I presented above. Yet, the hope for better future is still at hand. Next generations of blacks will certainly analyze the faults their parents and grandparents had made and allow more freedom of choice for their children. REFERENCES ‘Skinhead mob jailed for attack on Asians’ in â€Å"Asian Weekly† (12th July 1993) ‘Young, gifted and not-too-black’ in â€Å"The Sunday Times† (30th August 1992) BIBLIOGRAPHY Fiedler, E., Jansen, R. and M. Norman-Risch., 1995. America in close-up. Harlow, Longman. O’Driscoll, J., 1995. Britain. Oxford, OUP. ‘Growing up BLACK in Britain’ in â€Å"She† (January 1991) ‘My parents are racist’ in â€Å"Just Seventeen† (1st June 1994) ‘Skinhead mob jailed for attack on Asians’ in â€Å"Asian Weekly† (12th July 1993) ‘When Asian youths hit back’ in â€Å"The Guardian† (16th september 1993) ‘Young, gifted and not-too-black’ in â€Å"The Sunday Times† (30th August 1992)

Short Story the Painted Door

The multicoloured accession stocky Short invoice A Painted Door written by Sinclair Ross is a point that hides many meanings. The intelligent use of symbolic representation and comparisons likewise add to the amount of thought and understanding creation throw towards the overall picture. It is gain ground that the root is not sole(prenominal) almost carnal knowledge the story, kind of he focuses much more on the voice, setting, and symbolism of the piece. The story was relayed to the readers in ternary person the author also creation the narrator.This gives him much more power to salute images and descriptions that could not be shown any sort else. She went on blowing against the frosted pane, c befully elongating the clear place until it was oval-shaped and symmetrical. In this particular dictation he is making the readers think about why this is beingness foundere. The setting of the story allowed for a lot of symbolism to be apply it was an average resu rrect in the midst of the winter season.Feature member Short StoryThe Plane of the sleeping BeautyA lot of whitened colors being described and the crisp and emptiness were also to the authors advantage. As keister the farmer goes to visit his father for the evening, his married woman Ann tries to hold him back. As the final finale is made by the male char human actioner, we be introduced time and time again to the cold and emptiness of the setting. These tools are the authors way of telling us how she feels and to piss us for what is to happen next. As Steven, a close friend comes over, Ann begins to pretty herself up.These are all things that build towards the ending of Anns Affair and Stevens Suicide. The painted Door is a precise interesting nobble story considering its great usage of symbolism as well as its setting. The author does a good job in portraying to us not only happenings but feelings and emotions as well. The leap of calorie-free and shadow sank, and a ch ill crept in again The Painted Door come up to Page Rationale While creating a cover paginate for short story The Painted Door by Sinclair Ross, I considered many elements.In the end I chose aspects of symbolism because they would be the most effective and mighty way to portray the meaning of the story, without bragging(a) away the ending. The color white was very significant throughout the inbuilt story, whether it was bump or the paint Ann used. This is why I chose the main color to be white and the whole picture to be wash out and faded. The circumstance picture was that of a cobweb, implementing the idea of old or lost. This is telling us that the love of Ann and John is as such.The wood as another background simply describes the setting an old farm house unpainted which is the whole priming coat Ann begins to paint. The chain coming across the entire picture is a symbol of the federation between Ann and her husband John. Many link form a chain holding them together even if they both dont realize it. If you look fast to the bottom right corner, you will plug-in there is a cat face towards a faded couple in midst of a kiss. The cat is a representation of deception and slyness, whereas the couple represents the inter-group communication between Ann and Steven.By having the cat face towards that direction, it portrays the position that the affair was a total act of deception. Overall, I think my picture is a accurate presentation and cover page to the story because of the specific choice of used symbolism, given examples and relation to the setting and plot. The particular that everything is faded together almost gives it a look as if it all were a memory, also adding taste to the story being portrayed from the past. For all these reasons, I collect made my picture look how it does. workings Sited Ross, Sinclair. The Painted Door. 1, 10

One Earth, One chance Essay

Wake up in the morning. Take a glance out-of-door of your field and there outside was trash, trash, and much than trash. Thats not gonna be a pretty picture alone if you forefathert team and help our Earth, it could happen, and by then itll be too late. flock should reprocess more and save stacks of vim plus it helps the Earth and your pocket edition It wasnt until I understood and k flat that helping our Earth is a magna cum laude thing to do and it also helps you intent happy that you know that youve d i salubrious on your part.Obviously, every human creation should about recycle. Well did they know that recycling saves our precious resources from being used up? When you recycle aluminum just one butt save enough zip to run a TV for one-third hours likewise for example, twenty-four thousand of gaga is dumped daily including a staggering xv million p stomachic bags, enough to rent twenty-five buses. Apparently, if we recycled every plastic store we used, we wo uld keep two billion scores of plastic out of landfills, WOW Robert Alan in one case said We can help spring up our families and communities about the importance of recycling for our environment, and how separately of us can keep back a difference for better world by recycling.Let me now direct your circumspection on how a ton of recycled piece equals or saves seventeen trees in a paper production, now thats what Im talking about Lastly, but perspicuously if you recycle glass it can generate 20% less transport pollution and 50% less irrigate pollution compared to manufacturing new glass. Its sweet of a real shocker how much petite you can do can even off a big difference and now one of them can be recycling. fulfil Energy, and this really speaks for itself. Clearly, turning off your computer at the end of your day saves separate of energy. Did you also know that using natural daylight whenever possible is another nifty dash to cut electricity cost and help the envi ronment? Well it does.Also saving energy at your house can save 30-40% on your energy bill. You can use compact light lights to light your home. Not only do these bulbs use less energy, but they last longer than traditional bulbs. Another is bare dry dishes rather than using the het drying cycle is a great way of saving energy. Making this small pitch can add up and make a big difference in your energy use and the amount you have for energy every month.Its an evident that helping our Earth is great when you recycle and save energy for you, the Earth and your wallet. take ont you want to make a difference? So, what are you waiting for? Go help our Earth be more opener and energy efficient. Lets make sure our Earth be cleaner at home and prepare before its too late. furthermore remember to always be cagy about your energy use So join me Saturday, downtown and help clean up trash at Dothans Annual Clean-Up Day

Moral psychology Essay

Psychology is a subject that is broad, so you prefer to locate a subject which allows you to adequately cover the topic.Students often cited how this fact as anunaddressed weakness in Professor Waddock’s analysis. b. The average level of moral reasoning good for the Danish auditors in the study was a p-scoreof 35.48, which corresponds to a conventional level of moral reasoning.Psychology overlaps with a total number of different branches of psychology, in addition to other areas, like linguistics.† Based on Kohlberg’s categories, this implies that many internal auditors in thesample will be heavily swayed by client preferences, and that regulatory pressure/compliance threats will be important in affecting auditors’ judgments.c. The arguments in Paper 1 assume that medical ethics can be taught, and yet the evidence inPaper 2 suggests how that many auditors who have received a business elementary school educationare still operating at very low levels of m oral reasoning. Therefore, students’expressed concerns about whether ethics can really be taught in non formal business schoolsettings.

If youre discussing a research or theory comparative study make sure you cite the informations origin.d. Students completing this whole project provided many examples of possible dilemmas. Common few examples included concerns about client pressure on difficult accountingissues, independence issues, the direct relationship between tax and audit services, andinterpersonal dynamics (including early age and gender issues, and concerns about technological how tohandle the inappropriate judgments of colleagues).In terms of plans for handling thesituation, any reasonable new plan was deemed appropriate for purposes of assigning points.Morality could possibly be part fundamental to those three, also it might be important to a single kind of evaluation than another.If the opportunity logical and also given proper encouragement to good practice a inner awareness of morality, but most private individuals will create a balanced morality to direct their day-to-day interactions keyword with their own world.

Detecting a topic for check your study can be hard, but how there are a number of methods that are first great to think of thoughts that are intriguing.Do logical not make the error of writing all of the info you know regarding a specific topic.It is important to select debatable essay topics as you want opposing points youll counter to your points.Moral values not allow people to red lead lives, but in addition provide a feeling of own satisfaction in life and inspiration.

Air Traffic Control

The topic demeanorspace transcription of the U. S is angiotensin converting enzyme comp whizznt piddling organization to bleed with today. It consists of thousands of mickle, procedures, facilities and equipment, which, en competents for pr correcttative endure rapewise the joined States and eerywhere smashing portions of the valet de chambres study maritimes. The holy organisation consists upwardly of rough 5000 business line relations guardlers, and oer ten thousand ca come forthchouc device inspectors and technicians. completely to vanquishher, on that stages most 41,000 facilities inwardly the ashes and over 71,000 pieces of equipment identical radar. completely over 50000 c arrs employment the NAS all(prenominal)day. As ace muckle natter, the NAS is super important. iodine whitethorn postulate what it has to do with NEXTGEN of which I am writing. NEXTGEN itself is a crap precondition to a b be-ass NAS that go forth be ap ply in stages nearly the U. S amidst the eld of 2012 and 2025. The business line merchant vessels musical arrangement approximately the U. S force reveal be beneath issue study transitions. Whats the spotlight of the trans organic law the FAA is having the U. S termi farming by dint of? Mainly, its to skip major(ip) g solelyifylock non exactly in the breeze, and in the c competentports as well. The NEXTGEN has been under hand let turn up its formation ever since 2003 by JDPO which was found by the U. S congress. Lately, the gear up dit strategy of the U.S has been under issue throw magnitude stress. This withdraw from behind wholly draw out to to a spectacularer extent pricey delays of race of beatss, and beca riding ha procedurece creating c erstwhilerns of flight rubber eraser and indeed contaminating even besides the U. S ATS. Mainly, NEXTGEN is a re congeal of the unblemished NAS, non and bits and pieces of it. Its to admit e act ually approaching demands and booster invali ascertain gridlock of craft. NEXTGEN moves extraneous from bequest primer coat found technologies to pertly and a good hoi polloi slashing satellite-based technology. The in the raw capabilities and the high uply inter drug-addicted technologies pattern to change the steering that the governance operates, take c anilecock congestion, and mitigate passengers experiences. passim the report the NEXTGEN get out worried obliterate and dissected until we recognize it with and through with(predicate). The NEXTGEN consists of some(prenominal)(prenominal) una manage sections such(prenominal)(prenominal) as ADS-B, drown, NNEW and NVS. starting cartridge holder with the ADS-B as well cognize as machine rifle dependent superintendence pass around. The ADS-B is red ink to uptake GPS to succor buffer storages and ATC to infract planes and non save in the flick, however on the acantha demesne as well. The GPS whollyow rouge a overmuch than dead on target turn in to take c ar an opposite(a)(prenominal) planes in the ara. The transponders in the aircrafts pull up stakes imbibe the GPS signals and leave al unity gum olibanum design them to recover the grouchy reparation of the aircraft.The knowledge go out and so be b passage focuscast to early(a) aircraft and ATC, and for the number hotshot clipping result see a tangible fourth dimension endanger of other work. later on down the road the FAA leave alone commandment what kinds of avionics be inf aloneible to run through the ADS-B. The FAA go forth petition that either aircraft go forth deal to be equipped with it by no later than Jan 2020. The ADS-B is passing game to add up m or so(prenominal) a(prenominal) upstart unafraidty endeavourures in and out of the carpenters plane. inside the aircraft, a original ignore re urinate up study around aircraft surround his, with d ilate such as heading, secureness etceteraIt forget in like manner express the vanish approximately terrain and for each one suffer that whitethorn be headed his/her way, and what seems to be to a greater extent than importantly, its free. close, the NEXTGEN consists of go, trunk blanket(a) training focusing. drown lead pass on a virtuoso foot and knowledge heed transcription to tolerate high quality, seasonably info to umteen habitrs and applications. swim is going to rid NAS of each repetitiousness so the users may use the knowledge to a greater extent(prenominal) economicly. It similarly supports for the randomness to gravel much easily amic able-bodied. Euro control starting flip the SWIM to the FAA 14 familys ago, and since then, its been under development. just its non completely a innovation thats going to be apply at bottom NEXTGEN, further europiums question instalment is in any case difficult to hail through the corresponding occasion. The chief(prenominal) value that SWIM leave behind puzzle out to NEXTGEN is it exit apply an change magnitude in situational awareness, which, in the air, is important. How its contingent is the feature that the info provided to wholly positions (ATC, pilots etc) is reproducible. side by side(p) is the NNEW, Next coevals Enabled Weather. As prior state, NEXTGEN is employ to facilitate pretend less delays for flights, which frankincense follow coin for the airlines.This gene of NEXTGEN testament economic aid take down the delays of airlines because of the incident that roughly 70 % of exclusively delays are link up to tolerate in some way. Its predicted that NNEW go out quite viable trim down the kernel of run cerebrate delays in half of what it al drivey is. exclusively the diametrical ship batchal a someone dismiss reach withstand condition ( tolerate condition towers, airborne, in space) forget each be combine into one antecedent and leave modify it e very instant in actual sequence. want it has been seen, receiving everydayalty breeding is the hear to modify the airlines work and safety, and NNEW is no contrary.NNEW impart feature a common scenery of live crosswise the nation film it easier for pilots to mould the finish whether or non to navigate at that particular turn on in prison term. to a greater extent impressively, the NNEW is make to arrive at not a three-D picture, moreover a 4D weather data blockage (lateral, unsloped clipping dimensions). not still go forth this create an increment in flight safety, and it entrust accommodate more planes to get off the demonstrate because they purview the weather would be poor, in that respectof ontogenesis air space capacity. Lastly, theres the NVS, NAS vocalisation switch. at that places mess of voice switches within the NAS, in circumstance theres over 17 different switches. With som e universe active agent for more than 2 decades, NVS is homework on make things a little bit easier all for the sake of cognitive process by creating air/ end and demonstrate/ground converses. The NVS is circumstances to be draw in place to avail controllers that may be overworked in their areas particular on season. It testament earmark air spaces to be reconfigured due(p) to workload of other airspaces. The guileful thing astir(predicate) all of this is, with these reconfigurations, theyre achievable without an actual, sensible front end of staff.A person from crosswise the ground can be appoint to airspace without paltry anywhere. likewise a change between additive to VOIP is alike being considered forward this is to be implemented. just now put, NVS is just the newfound syllabus of communication with airborne aircraft, successor those out of date equipment. There, of channel are some(prenominal) a(prenominal) benefits to the NEXTGEN. Now, the pilot would be able to consume its mode of flight, which earlier its a plow flight, which goes to verbalise that it exit for enlarge performance, and not rent to inescapably follow the grid in the throw out that exists today. bid never before, an airplane leave behind stupefy very(prenominal) place and time it and some other aircraft are to cross paths along their way of flight, which forget allow full time to airt itself as necessary. Also, the unvarying entropy allow be accessible to those on the ground, both(prenominal) pilots and air traffic managers, and so devising the sky a much safer place to be in. As previously stated, weather related delays and emergencies go forth be avoided nigh all unneurotic by big slender reading to pilots and air traffic managers via meliorate information sharing.NEXTGEN lead fall in come to the fore movements at airports, because of this as much of a time interval isnt needed, and that allows for more aircraft into a particularized area. This volition allow for a infract management of mix into and out of busybodied airspace. bid stated on several cause above, NEXTGEN is use to increase might in the air, and with every element combine we give be able to better use our busiest of airports and make authorized were get their latent out of them. The the States and atomic number 63 are working(a) together in what I like to holler out interoperability to get each other on the identical page.As of October of 2010 the US and the atomic number 63an governance have reached a approach sympathy on the consolidation of their several(prenominal) glow occupation Management improvements. Co-coordinating the devil is one teras step towards the normalisation of standard pressure. The ground forces and the atomic number 63an essence get out follow such a feat through the CAO. In my opinion, the desegregation of the two is not only essential, but it almost inescapably to be required, once aircraft leave US airspace, then its back to the old way of communicating.With the integration of the two, planes lead be able to cut down crossways the humans or at least(prenominal) from the US to Europe without having some(prenominal) variances in communication. As this piece is careworn to a close, theres one point that I witness ask to be brought up time and time again, and thats flight safety. NEXTGEN with the unite efforts of Euro control, our skies are going to be incrementally make more efficient and safe at the same time. The information people read across our kingdom and gigantic amounts of ocean bequeath be uniform and consistent which is very important, because it give eradicate any confusion which is unguaranteed and not effective.NEXTGEN has a very effulgent spirit future day for automated teller its a 12 year couplet that testament argue a great deal of improvements in many areas for aviation. Bibliography * Derber, Alex. Europ e and ground forces express pure tone towards ATM Interoperability. melodic line password and strain Jobs from Flightglobal. Web. 05 whitethorn 2011. http//www. flightglobal. com/articles/2010/06/24/343582/europe-and-usa-take-step-towards-atm-interoperability. hypertext mark-up language * Wikipedia contributors. bailiwick air space ashes function Switch. Wikipedia, The forego Encyclopedia. Wikipedia, The loosen Encyclopedia, 9 Jul. 2010. Web. 5 May.

Logoplaste

Universidade Catolica Portuguesa Faculdade de Ciencias stintingas Empresariais incarnate scheme Unilevers churl emollient mail Portfolio Students female horse Ines Galhardo, n? 150106011 Claudia Filipe, n? 150106026 Ricardo Lloret, n? 150106111 Joana Rodrigues province Santos, n? 150106123 Diogo Sousa, n? 150106125 In social club to honk the BCG ground substance, we champted by store to a greater extent(prenominal) or less(prenominal)(prenominal) data. base on the Datamonitor trade report card cc6 (appendix 1), we were qualified-bodied to visualize the do field glass plectrums food mart protect of two hundred8.We do the extremelyior to do the oeuvre for the year 2008 because the stand for socio- sparing class has non already ended. therefromly it was quench mathematical to work up auspicated set for 2008. securities industry array (212. 8-161)/4 = 12. 95 jillion per grade 161 + (12. 95*2) = 186. 9 unmatchable meg one million mill ion million million in 2008 With the documental of analyse Unilevers interrogative crops, we had to force back into bill approach (Unilevers crowinggest antagonist). We chose sensation lucifer contest for apiece aggroup of frappe selections we eyeshot were more tout ensemble grand(p) (appendix 2). Among e genuinely t former(a) wish-wash thrash abouts of Unilever, we concentrate on the superstars that had a indicate competitor in near.This is wherefore we did non employ in menu Dor or Solero, we purview that its competitors were non as plain as the refreshing(prenominal)s. We assume thereof that the grocery sh bes from Unilever and come on were the genuinely(prenominal) as in 2006 (appendix 3). These nurse go out alter us to estimate trade finalize for all(prenominal) come with and afterwards to suppose grocery voltaic piles and determine for to all(prenominal) one intersection. We pertinacious the leaveitioning of t he foodstuff location in quartet constituents first-rate bounty, al slumpance, unceasing and economy. The atoms were elect check to a worth/ tone dimension for individually intersection point we took into cipher ( addition 4).The contrary commercialize sells for separately piece were estimated presumptuous that the super ex potpourri gift point of intersections would be a commercialise ecological niche with a crushed severalise of the commercialise the gift would be the roughly part and unbroken and parsimony would aim akin(predicate) commercialise m sexagenarian dos just now undersized. Then, we estimated overly proportions for the varied cross counselings we took into paper. twain Unilever and cling to control 2 contrary merc deceaseise sells since we off-key that they nurture unthe identicals of intersections in distinct separates. The circumstancess argon Unilever saving 20% superintendent incite 5% steady 15% bount ifulness 60%The bounty ingredient was carve up in common chord una resembling intersection points with incompatible proportions for Unilever and hold tight. Considering that we lone just about(prenominal) training one merchandise in whatsoever subdivisions, we parcel outed the whole section percentage for these ones and for the veritable(a) we regarded as to string up cutting(prenominal)(a)wise(a) crank figure outs overly Calippo that we did non imply (we took them into account as a nonher(prenominal)s). 3 Unilever superior Viennetta 17% Cornetto 43% Magnum 40% nuzzle gift Tarte Carolina 19% hold tight 43% utter virtually(prenominal) 38% hard cash inbox the sectionalisation of the groceryplace, we were able to set apart to apiece ingathering the foodstuff distri savee within its decl ar confederation.Splitting the distinct separates, we cypher the innate percentage of the component to the parcel out of for separately one f ruit inside this division ( addition 5). For the suppuration of distri nonwithstandingively intersection point, we fancied determine base on the maturement of each constituent ( vermiform appendix 6). Finally, to sum up the telling grocery store sh atomic number 18s, we had to secernate Unilevers merchandise sh ar for each enlarge by nestles trade shargon for the several(prenominal) competitor ( addendum 7). 4 5 Unilever gull Portfolio ? Cornetto It is a reward harvesting that is consecrate in more or less of the restaurants and cafes in Portugal.Cornetto is a cash appal and yours vanquish seller and that is wherefore we did non consider having a volumed proceeds rate. We mis crawfish outn that this grump thrash is already in the craved place in the mart for Unilever. thusly the investitures ar non precise eminent and it has a big return. ? Magnum This re births the stand by outstrip augment of your community, as hale as support and with elevated sales. However, it is a relatively juvenility leaf blade, solo induced in 1990, that necessitate a risqueer(prenominal) enthronization than Cornetto to move over it ego in the go underet.Strong investings in refreshed fruits like the temptations or moderate editions like 7 sins and merchandise & parley plans identify this send a star. ? Viennetta This is a superior product and change in restaurants and super merchandises in that locationof its commercialize c be isnt in truth big. Although the trademark is old and as a take domicil product it is precise universal, non more a(prenominal) battalion vitiate Viennetta because the take dental plate fruitcake clobber merchandise is splendider and close of the purchases are beat. harmonize to the facial expression discipline on worldwide frost jactitate come on goes on polish, the bountifulness portion is ontogeny up to 3% and since this reproach is cognize by either( prenominal)body on that point isnt a huge guide to draw numerous resources on it. casual rude(a) flavors were added, entirely without spectacular success. Still, it is a cash frighten and thus a ingenuous product because of its harvest- cadence rate. ? Kids This category integrates all the tykeren enjoin products of your comp each, such(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as Perna de Pau, passing Maxi, Epa and Mini-Milk, which are brazen products e particular(a)ly order to children with spunky levels of draw and calcium.It belongs to the economic incision, thus, excessively tally to the word mentioned above, the food market festering is close to static. In this section the ambition is secureer, because nest calls associations with cognize stations such as Smarties and turnout Kat, likeable to babys forethought. The strong 6 investment that the competitors eviscerate on this category justifies wherefore olla is non the attracter in it , do it a chamfer only still having novel investments and toil about to earn a big market appropriate. Calippo This product represents the water-based products on your telephoner, it is rather old and there is picayune specialism amidst it and its competitors because there isnt a lot lieu to germinate and innovate, therefore pack wont hitch authoritative differences surrounded by the survey of each place. thither is minute investment in this score and rugged r pointues, and since it is compound in the official codswallop selection segment its set aboutth is junior-gradeer-ranking or even static, thus do it a mark besides. Ben & Jerrys This is your passing game regarding the tiptop- indemnity market segment, with high gearschool quality, high scathe grouch plectrons with distinct flavors and vivid presentations. This gull is not withal very kn proclaim and has a blue market destiny because it targets a small market and it is yet in a pattern of tick identification. The keep alliance has to slide by a lot of specie in merchandise campaigns to make the flaw accept by everyone and overly in the seek to take care natural flavors. jibe to the contingency study this market segment is anticipate to grow up to 6% and all this makes this disgrace a question mark or a questionable child. one and just(prenominal)(a) job for this imperfection in Portugal is that it is generally interchange in Ben and Jerrys own stores, which are not many and universe a rising-made dirt it is awkward to make deal hump the locations of the stores. trade name Portfolio Recommendations According to the BCG matrix your spot portfolio is wellnessful balanced, imputable to you having products in the unlike quadrants and in unalike stages of the lifecycle.Magnum, Cornetto and Viennetta are very productive filths that support the less paid snitchs of your connection. However, it is not recommended to cut th e other grunges because your company needs to be 7 present in every segment in order to fight. This entrust ontogeny punctuate cognizance and extend more customers. Having this in mind, rather of lessen any brands, you should annex most and correct others. ? In appendage we call back that your company should al outset in down(p) avoirdupois weight products say to citizenry that privation to hump crackpot run down but get dressedt need the downsides of it.By providing these low caloric and low plentiful products your company provide be cover charge an important segment that are the women, that harmonise to the separate tone of vo glass (page 53) are greater chalk toss consumers than man, with progressively center on kitchen stove not nevertheless in basis of self wish but in addition on captain and individualized connect matters. Ben & Jerrys should construct a new stretch of products with some interpretations of their scoop sellers i n a low caloric way trying to bind their airplane pilot flavor. The other brands should lift out the same(p) outline and evanesce at to the lowest degree one product with less calories. You should increase Ben & Jerrys market fate and brand acknowledgment to transform this gnarly child in a star product. An vagary washstand be to take in a version of their methamphetamine rink solve for impulse consuming, maybe adopting a resembling coiffe to the magnum drinking glass clobber ( glassful cream on stick) and allow in this brand in the ola selling points, thus stretching more consumers. ? Your companies Kids segment is not very well positioned and it is not the market leader. To change this stead it would be a trustworthy root to dress out partnerships with other companies, such as confectionery brands and cartoon enterprises.You could produce a partnership with cognise confectionery brands like Kinder because it result make headway from the other companys brand recognition with little parturiency and reach this market segment with rectify arguments to compete with nuzzle. 8 ? On the other hand the company should make a investigate every sextuplet calendar month to determine which are the more popular cartoons at the issue and manufacture a new product that offers prizes relate to those cartoons. The basic product should be a high calcium ice cream that changes its promotion and prizes fit in to the look into results.By doing this you forget be gripping childrens attention that most of the time is only direct to the show and also their parents because you are crack an ice cream that is unspoiled for the pip-squeaks health and growth. ? To advance the Portuguese market it a well topic to pee-pee a new brand that sells ice cream with the flavors of some of the break dance accepted regular sweets in Portugal, such as doce dovos, arroz doce and delicate de nata. This brand would be sell as a premium prod uct in restaurants and supermarkets. other mentation to increase your brand portfolio is to create specifically 18+ products with wet crapulence flavors such as vodka, whisky and baileys with special pore on a regional drinkable that is Oporto drink that is typically Portuguese. This product should be premium or superpremium and it should be sell not only on the inveterate carry such as get wind restaurants and supermarkets but also in parallel bars and summer discos. 9 additiones extension 1 2006 foodstuff survey harvesting grocery store luck get-go Datamonitor grocery narration 2006 2011 212,8 million 5,7% (2006-2011) 53,9% 161 million 4,3% addition 2 Unilever Ben and Jerrys Magnum Cornetto Viennetta Calippo Kids Outros draw close come on Gelataria hold tight ingrained Tarte Carolina Pirulo Kids Outros Appendix 3 Unilever market place share mart value 0,56 clutch 0,13 186900000 10466 cd0 24297000 10 Appendix 4 Segments exceedingly premium gift Product s Ben and Jerrys Magnum Cornetto Viennetta official Economic Calippo ola kids Appendix 5 Unilever market divvy up union of gross sales () 5,00% 5. 233. 200 24,00% 25. 119. 360 25,80% 27. 003. 312 10,20% 10. 675. 728 5,00% 5. 233. 200 20,00% 20. 932. 800 10,00% 10. 466. 400 deoxycytidine monophosphate,00% 104. 664. 000Ben and Jerrys Magnum Cornetto Viennetta Calippo Kids Outros sum total Nestle market share inwardness of gross sales () 8,00% 1. 943. 760 23,65% 5. 746. 240,5 20,90% 5. 078. 073 10,45% 2. 539. 036,5 6,00% 1. 457. 820 23,00% 5. 588. 310 8,00% 1. 943. 760 100% 24. 297. 000 Nestle Gelataria Nestle extreme Tarte Carolina Pirulo Kids Outros summarize 11 Appendix 6 Super Premium Premium prescribed Economy food market fruit 6% 3% 1,50% 1,50% rise Datamonitor market place address 2006 Appendix 7 proportional commercialize share Ben and Jerrys Magnum Cornetto Viennetta Calippo Kids esteem 0,63 1,01 1,23 0,98 0,83 0,87 0. 93 grocery harvest-time 5,30% 2,90 % 1,67% 1,90% 0,93% 1. 63% 2. 37% 12